Romeo And Juliet/West Side Story Essays - , Term Papers

Romeo And Juliet/West Side Story In approximately 1594, William Shakespeare began to write one of the most well known tragedies in history, Romeo and Juliet. Arguably, no author to date has matched Shakespeares skill and beauty in the creation of this work. However, authors have regurgitated and will continue to regurgitate the theme, star-crossed lovers, for centuries. Martha Duffy remarks in West Side Glory, Slang may change and violence escalate, but the theme of star-crossed city kids has never dated, nor has its appeal diminished (p. 1). The only viable attempt is the work of modern dramatist Arthur Laurents. However, Laurents West Side Story originally written as an attempt to modernize Romeo and Juliet, actually became a work of skill and beauty in its own right. The emphasis is now removed from simply modernizing Romeo and Juliet; the emphasis is the creation of art through a similar theme, yet very differing styles and influences. The similarities abound within Romeo and Juliet and West Side Story; conseque ntly, there are many deviations found in the plots, characters, and authors influences. While certain aspects of the two works remain parallel, many deviations are found within the plot. In West Side Story, the first obvious difference, excluding time periods, is the exile situation. In Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is exiled due to public knowledge of his deed. West Side Storys Romeo, Tony, becomes a fugitive because the public is searching for a criminal. In Introduction, Romeo and Juliet and West Side Story: An Appreciation Norris Houghton writes, As a result of this altered circumstance the plot of West Side Story begins at this point to deviate from Shakespeares drama (p. 10). Another deviation in plot is the role of the Friar Laurence character, Doc, in West Side Story. Mr. Houghton also comments, Doc, who is obviously intended as a counterpart of Friar Laurence, takes no comparably active role in the plotting (p.10). Houghton also agrees, More significantly, the false report that the boy receives of the girls death is carried by Anita through the gang as a willful act, not as an unfortuitous happenstance, such as befell Romeo because of the erroneous information Balthasar conveyed and the prevention of Friar Johns delivery of the secret of Juliets feigned death (p.10) The greatest alterations in the plot of West Side Story occur in the final scene. In Romeo and Juliet, the final moment is as expected from a Shakespearean tragedy, almost all of the main characters die. However, Houghton explains that Laurents totally abandons Shakespeares ideals in his final scene. Laurents eschews Shakespeares scheme of the fake death of Juliet induced... to allow time for a reunion with Romeo according to Houghton. Due to this abandonment, Laurents must create his own quasi-tragic ending. Laurents does create the desired ending, and with this creation he removes the slaughter and implants somewhat believable ending. At the end, Laurents Paris and Juliet (Chino and Maria) are still very much alive, and Tony does not take his own life; he is killed by Chino. Some suggest this ending to be a mere alteration to please the Broadway audience. However, Houghton agrees, This can hardly be valid, for a truly sentimental soap-opera denouncement would somehow have saved bot h protagonists from death and reunited them in life (p.11). The other obvious differences in the two works are the characters. The male characters are different obviously due to time period differences. They, just as the female characters, are also different in age. Houghton implies, At fourteen girls may have been betrothed and wed in the sixteenth century; in ours it stretches credulity (p.9). Also, Laurents Juliet character has a different character than that of Shakespeares. Maria is not willing to take her own life for love as explained shown by Mr. Houghton, The contemporary playwright obviously feels that suicide is inconsistent with his heroines character, that her death by her own hand would only diminish her stature (p.11). Also inconsistent with Shakespeares work is the use of Puerto Ricans verses Anglos rather than Capulets and Montagues. The use of parental figure in West Side Story is noted inconsistent as well. The parents of Romeo and Juliet play a considerable role in the Shakespearean work; however, the parents

the logic behind the assertion essays

the logic behind the assertion essays In Martin Luther King Jr.s Letter from Birmingham City Jail, he argues the commonly believed assumption that activating our rights as human beings precipitates violence. Even though these actions may be nonviolent, those individuals who have tried to bring about the truth have been condemned because their quests were believed to be a disturbance among society. The logic behind this allegation is in some way reasonable. Those who condemn the rebellions urge society to be respectful due to the necessity of keeping law and order. If society revolts against the traditional orders, then it is believed that chaos will occur. Even though the actions are peaceful, society is urged not to participate in these efforts. Government is afraid that these actions will lead society into even more harmful activities, such as war. They are even willing to go against our basic constitutional rights in order to halt the events before they develop into violent attacks. Within Kings Letter, he backs up his argument by providing prime examples of innocent, non-violent occurrences. He disproves this assertion by showing how those condemned are innocent people who tried to bring about the truth. In his first example about a robbed man, King reveals that the man should be condemned because he, having money, caused the violence to occur. This statement cannot be true because the man did not cause the robber to steal his money. It is the robbers fault that this incident occurred because of his immorality. The robber should be punished as opposed to the man, who was just holding onto his possessions. Another key example of Kings is Jesus dedication and attachment to his God-driven will. King describes that Jesus harmless devotion to God should not and would not be the cause of his crucifixion. He was purely following Gods way and le ...

Evidence-Based Practice and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evidence-Based Practice and Management - Essay Example As the case study argues, because of errors in medication administration, high rates of falls and decrease in staff satisfaction, EBP has now become a crucial necessity in almost every hospital. One of the ways nursing leadership began to establish an evidence based culture was by establishing shared governance councils who were to kick start the process. A specific unit was identified, which was to actively come up with a project of implementing EBP so as to impact outcomes. Fortunately, an opportunity arose with a physician driven research project, which involved controlling pain in pediatric patients outside the ICU. The unit was charged with monitoring parameters and nurse staffing. The unit started its evidence-based practice so as to meet patients’ and pain team’s needs. The staff was composed of people from all sectors, educator for the unit, unit leadership, and evidence-based practice mentor. As the case study points out, there are various systems that can be e stablished so as to facilitate staff in the evidence-based practice. The first system is to integrate evidence as criteria within the organization’s strategic plan. The mission, vision and specific goals of the organization should incorporate evidence-based decision making at the point t of care. Nurse managers should come up with tools such as guidelines, protocols, policies and procedures, all based on evidence-based practice so as assist staff in realizing the benefits associated with it. Analysis of Articles Related to the Topic According to Wilkinson, Nutley, and Davies (2011), nurse managers face many challenges and barriers in implementing evidence-based practice. Past research has pointed out that nurse mangers should play a major role in ensuring than EBP is implemented in their institutions. However, as these authors argue, the specific role has not been defined. Therefore their research aimed at finding the specific role of nurse mangers in the EBP implementation p rocess. They used case study approach where they used interviews and observation as the main data collection methods. After analyzing the data, the authors found major differences between literature and their findings concerning roles of nurse managers in EBP implementation. According to their findings, nurse managers took a passive role in EBP implementation process. The authors concluded that the main reason as to why EBP have been ineffective in many institutions is due to problems such as undefined roles of the nurse manager in their implementation process. Therefore, they pointed out that identified problems with the implementation of EBP should first be solved in order to get the desired results from the practices. According to Sandstrom, Borglin, Nilsson, and Willman (2011), the implementation of EBP knowledge obtained from literature has proven to be a burdensome one. The cause of this as the authors argue is the narrow focus of literature on a few factors that have been reg arded important in EBP implementation process. One of the factors that have been pointed as being important in EBP implementation process is leadership. Therefore, their research was aimed at conducting a thorough literature review so as to determine the role of leadership in EBP implementation process. The research findings indicated that leadership was indeed a vital factor in EBP implementa

Issues in Womens Health Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Issues in Womens Health - Assignment Example The most frequent of all the indications of heart attack in women is some pain or discomfort in the chest. Nevertheless, there are added symptoms that are more conspicuous than the chest pains. These other symptoms are more severe than the pressure or pain in the chest that women often cite. Studies have revealed that these chest pressures might be due to the presence of blockages in arteries and veins that supply blood to the heart in woman’s heart (Libov 1991). The other symptoms are right arm pain, unusual fatigue, shortness of breath as well as neck and upper back discomfort. The most challenging issue with this symptom in women is that they may occur when least expected like while sleeping or resting. These symptoms, on the other hand, might be triggered by mental stress. Since sometimes they occur randomly, women downplay them until there problem gets severe.  The most familiar risk reasons for women include diabetes and smoking, both which increase the chances of hear t disease significantly in women. Low levels of estrogen in the body after the onset of menopause have also been identified to pose a significant risk for the development of micro vascular disease in smaller blood vessels. Pregnancy is also among the risk factors as difficulties such as diabetes or high blood pressure might trigger the development of heart diseases in the mother and her children. Mental stress despite affecting both men and women, it has been found to affect the hearts of women more significantly than men.

WHY YOUTH CULTURE ARE ATTRACTED BY FASHION Research Proposal

WHY YOUTH CULTURE ARE ATTRACTED BY FASHION - Research Proposal Example sis on sports, clothes, vocabulary dating and popular music set youths different from the other age groups, making them have what majority believe is a significant culture of their own. Within the youth culture, there exists’ many sophisticated, distinct and constantly changing youth subcultures. These subcultures’ values, styles, norms and behaviors vary broadly and differ from the known youth culture. This is a reasonable topic for it captures the varieties of fashion in the society. It would be a splendid idea to demonstrate what people of today think about the invasion of fashion in the society. I also chose this topic because many think youth culture does not exist. Through this research, I will prove that youth culture exists’. Youth culture is a recent field of study in modern history. Theories that explain the emergence of youth culture have been proposed by several theorists and philosophers. Youth culture theories suggest the effect of psychological, historical and economic factors amongst youths as the major cause of emergence of youth culture in the 20th century. Lury (2011), argues that schooling has been a big influence on the emergence of Youth culture. Age is seen as the major cause of separate youth cultures. Modern schooling has made it possible for interactions of youths who share experiences and definitions that facilitate the growth of a new youth culture (Lury, 2011). Frith (1984), notes that youth culture is amajor player in the development for an identity amongst youths in the modern times. Whenever youths do not have a clear role in their life, youth culture helps them to achieve a certain identity. Youth culture is hence a way in which youths reconcile confusion and identity issues. Fashion, is one of the most powerful youth cultures that have emerged in the 20th century. Fashion helps youths to identify with a certain class or culture and hence, fashion is a youth culture that helps in providing youths with an

International Liberalism Theory

International Liberalism Theory Liberalism Views Liberalism earned its recognition in the 18th century from Western political philosophy where German writer Immanuel Kant and French author Baron de Montesquieu determined its relevance to international politics. In the 19th century, British philosophers John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham wrote about liberalism as it affected the world. Many global leaders examined the elements of liberalism in their policies and wrote about them applying them to international situations. Liberalist views have a positive factor that people, countries and governments can work together to solve their problems and make peace within the world. Liberalism Theories Some liberalism theories show there are many challenges that have not been overcome that would ease the suffering of the world. Liberals view international relations as cooperative, constructive efforts between countries and governments to aid poor nations to promote global welfare and economic stability. However, liberalists also believe in promoting capitalism and economic prosperity through global democracy, self-regulation of the markets, equality, liberty and restricted governmental control. Modern liberalism supports coordinating both state and non-state relations to promote global peace and improve the political, economic and social situations around the world (Burchill, 2001, 54-69, 9-10). International Liberalism Liberals are optimistic about the role of the organization. International organizations include not only intergovernmental organizations IGOs but also nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). â€Å"Liberals also see international organizations as shaping the international landscape. International organizations include not only intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) but also nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that can have both public and private functions.† (Doyle, 1995, 74-77). Governments are important because they have independent and indirect influences on the domestic and foreign policies of states. Cooperation between state governments is needed for organizations to achieve their goals. The nature of international relations combines conflict and cooperation between states and non-state organizations because they rely on one another. Competing interests can control or lobby the government to achieve their goals. Liberals are also concerned about the individuals involved because they are part of the society. There are many organizations other than the state that believe in the realist approach and focus on the nation-state, while liberal thinking analyzes the individual person. Liberals view the international world as it deals with each other through global trade agreements, travelers visiting or studying abroad, and international institutions like the United Nations, where no governmental control from the realist’s point of view does not quite cover all the different contexts of daily life. Liberals feel that realists view nations as warring forces that try to balance power through force. However, that is not the liberalist view (Doyle, 1995, 60-65). Liberalism Among Nations Liberalists believe an international society that can work together with all countries can help them solve their problems. This involves international trade between nations, and a different outlook where disorder is not useful and wars should end so people can work together and live in peace. Liberals feel that realists make countries out to be always conflicting with each other, and never getting along or having a balance of power. Liberals view the future as full of growth and independence that will make the differences between international and domestic politics lead to a universe that has no borders. Environmental problems are an example of how the world is all in the same situation, no matter how developed or wealthy their nation is. However, realists that that the Middle East may be the exception to the rules, since there may always be political problems there due to oil profits and the threat of Muslim terrorism to countries like the US (especially after the problems with the World Trade Center hijackings and the fact that 16 out of 19 of the terrorists were from the Middle East) (Brown, 2005, 4-8). The US believed Iraq needed government intervention to ensure the stability of their society because through liberalism, they would be able to achieve peace. No getting involved in the internal affairs of states should be a basic international law. The US was willing to get involved in Iraq because they saw an opportunity to appear to be helping them solve their problems and also gain military presence within the Middle East. Without outside interference, the Iraqi situation might have become much worse, according to the US, since Saddam Hussein’s dictatorship was overpowering the poor people and destroying their economy. Neoliberalists believed that the US could invade and gain cooperation with the Iraqi people so the state’s issues would be resolved. (However, now everyone knows that the US only wanted to gain control of Iraqis oil supply) (Brown, 2005, 153, 155, 158, 255). Comparing Liberalism to Realism and Idealism Theories The liberalism and realism theories involved in domestic politics suggest that the use of force by various groups often leads to the government trying to maintain power through media intervention, turning the public against the attackers, and a show of sympathy by the rulers to gain the public’s support and sympathy. The major assumptions of realism explain that the Saudi government and the terrorists are the only significant players in the situation, that military force is the principal method of solving problems, and that the overall security of the country is the key objective that must be achieved. The main concept behind liberalism is that there is a balance of power that must be kept at all times between the governing parties and those who they are trying to please. The liberalist view explains how war is only needed in seriously dangerous circumstances, not for the development of universal community or for the growth of the economy. In a country like Saudi Arabia, the religious Matawas feel the Saudi government is being influenced and controlled by America and the United Nations to conform to their society’s rules or risk losing oil contracts and other business negotiations (Nathanson, 2002, 48-52). When applying these theories of realism and liberalism to countries with political problems, it helps to explain how their internal difficulties would be very complex to find solutions for. Saudi’s internal political problems relate to what exactly is a legitimate use of force, and when is it acceptable to apply it. The Matawas felt that since the government was not listening to their protests concerning the changing policies that would open up the nation and allow for a totally new society to develop, that bombing innocent people was the just method of retaliating (Voegelin, 1974, 3-8, 205). Although liberalism is a more positive and helpful theory, realism is the most popular concept in international politics where the worst problem is war and military force, and the major characters involved are the countries or states themselves. Realists believe that liberals overstate the difference between international politics and domestic politics, since realists see the state of war as only needed under very critical circumstances, and liberals refuse to see the benefits of economic independence, growth and development of international global communities. Realists believe that states do not always go to war, and they have many other options, such as peace and trade between nations (Brown, 2005, 4-7, 45). While realist views emphasize continuity, permanence and stability within the society, liberal views stress change is needed, especially in the Middle Eastern region, since the world is said to be moving past anarchy to a better overall situation that desires world peace. Combining continuity and change is the best overall solution, however, the mixture of both liberalist and realist views would have to involve altering human behavior, which is almost impossible, especially on an international and political level that depends on unethical governments for their decision-making. Idealists believe international relations should focus more on the actual causes of global conflicts and how they can be changed for the better. Idealists look for ways to improve the situations, and create peace and stability within all nations. Idealists want to reduce illiteracy and inequality in the world and allow for more education and job opportunities. They want to rid the world of poverty and starvation, and fight against liberalists who believe the situation is may be difficult or cannot be resolved without the help of governments (Voegelin, 1974, 120-127). Conclusion Liberalists feel the alliances and contacts that manage to be formed across borders (like the UN and USA getting involved during global conflicts) form a global society that represents a non-warring world that must exist alongside the warring world. Liberalists feel that realists overstate the differences between national and global politics as a state of war, which concentrates only on the worst part of the situation. Liberalists believe that realists overlook the growth and development of economic independence and the progress of a international society. However, countries at war find resolutions and negotiate their way back into society with the help of others, and their economies can then succeed. REFERENCE Steins, J. (2004). Introduction to International Relations, Perspectives and Themes. London: Longman. Doyle, M. (1986) Liberalism and World Politics. The American Political Science Review, Vol. 80, Issue 2. Solomon, B. (1998). Warriors for change. National Journal, Vol. 30, Issue 21. Burchill, S. (2001). Theories of International Relations. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Brown, C. (2005). Understanding International Relations. London: Palgrave. Voegelin, E. (1974). Liberalism and its History. The Review of Politics, Vol. 36, Issue 4. Scruton, R. (1996). Idealism, A Dictionary of Political thought. UK: MacMillan. Nathanson, S. (2002). Idealism World Book. UK: Pearson. Das, R. (1999). Politicism and idealism in state theory. Science and Society, Vol. 63, Issue 1. Groody, D. (2002). Border of Death, Valley of Life. UK: Rowan and Littlefield Publishing.

Alternate Worlds Essay -- Movie Film Matrix Essays

Alternate Worlds We are all living our lives day-to-day, thinking that everything we encounter is truly in existence. But what if we are all in a dream world? With many science fiction forms of media, they pose this question: Is there any way to tell that everything we do is really happening? One movie that embraces this topic is The Matrix. The matrix could almost be called a dream world. The world outside of the matrix is basically the real world, where humans are not controlled by computers. Zion is the only real city left in the movie. Morpheus, a main character in the movie, states, the world that has been pulled over your eyes to blind you from the truth. In Ursula K Le Guins The Lathe of Heaven there is also a confusion of the real world and the dream world. In the movie The Matrix and the book The Lathe of Heaven there are many similarities, even though the story lines are quite different. The curiosity that comes from both the movie and the book is the fact that the world is not what is seems to be. The main characters in the movie The Matrix and Le Guins book The Lathe of Heaven both have many similarities. The main character in the movie is Neo, a computer hacker, who is seeking the truth about the matrix. However, when he finds the truth, he ends up discovering more than he expected. After being discovered by Morpheus, he is taken into the real world where he becomes 'The One' and receives computer generated powers. In The Lathe of Heaven the main characters name is George Orr, who is a man who has the capa bility to dream things that can become reality. His dreams become such a nuisance that he begins taking prescription drugs, which later get him in trouble. He is punished by having to consult a psychotherapi... ...way to find close similarities, seeing how science fiction has one common theme based on speculative scientific discoveries or changes. There are many arguments showed that could link this book about a man who discovers his ability to dream things that became reality, to the movie The Matrix, which is about a computer generated reality. In these science fiction stories they both contain strong characters that all posses a pivotal role in each story, which makes it easier to compare these two different narrations. After reading The Lathe of Heaven and seeing The Matrix, the importance shows Neo and Orr and how they affect the world around them. Works Cited Le Guin, Ursula K. The Lathe of Heaven. New York: First Perennial Classics, 1971. The Matrix. Dir. The Wachowski, Perf. Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburn, and Carrie Ann Moss. DVD. Warner Bros, 2001. Alternate Worlds Essay -- Movie Film Matrix Essays Alternate Worlds We are all living our lives day-to-day, thinking that everything we encounter is truly in existence. But what if we are all in a dream world? With many science fiction forms of media, they pose this question: Is there any way to tell that everything we do is really happening? One movie that embraces this topic is The Matrix. The matrix could almost be called a dream world. The world outside of the matrix is basically the real world, where humans are not controlled by computers. Zion is the only real city left in the movie. Morpheus, a main character in the movie, states, the world that has been pulled over your eyes to blind you from the truth. In Ursula K Le Guins The Lathe of Heaven there is also a confusion of the real world and the dream world. In the movie The Matrix and the book The Lathe of Heaven there are many similarities, even though the story lines are quite different. The curiosity that comes from both the movie and the book is the fact that the world is not what is seems to be. The main characters in the movie The Matrix and Le Guins book The Lathe of Heaven both have many similarities. The main character in the movie is Neo, a computer hacker, who is seeking the truth about the matrix. However, when he finds the truth, he ends up discovering more than he expected. After being discovered by Morpheus, he is taken into the real world where he becomes 'The One' and receives computer generated powers. In The Lathe of Heaven the main characters name is George Orr, who is a man who has the capa bility to dream things that can become reality. His dreams become such a nuisance that he begins taking prescription drugs, which later get him in trouble. He is punished by having to consult a psychotherapi... ...way to find close similarities, seeing how science fiction has one common theme based on speculative scientific discoveries or changes. There are many arguments showed that could link this book about a man who discovers his ability to dream things that became reality, to the movie The Matrix, which is about a computer generated reality. In these science fiction stories they both contain strong characters that all posses a pivotal role in each story, which makes it easier to compare these two different narrations. After reading The Lathe of Heaven and seeing The Matrix, the importance shows Neo and Orr and how they affect the world around them. Works Cited Le Guin, Ursula K. The Lathe of Heaven. New York: First Perennial Classics, 1971. The Matrix. Dir. The Wachowski, Perf. Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburn, and Carrie Ann Moss. DVD. Warner Bros, 2001.